Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

This test allows the surface structure of materials to be observed in high resolution, analysing defects, fractures, wear and contamination on a micrometric and nanometric scale. It is used in sectors such as metallurgy, electronics, automotive and cultural heritage for the study of metallic, polymeric and composite materials. The analysis provides information on roughness, porosity and defect distribution.

Combined with SEM microscopy, EDS spectroscopy allows the chemical elements present in a sample to be identified and quantified. This technique is used to check for contamination, non-metallic inclusions and compositional variations in materials such as metal alloys, ceramics and polymers, and is widely used in the manufacturing industry and failure analysis.

This technique is fundamental for analysing material failure mechanisms. It allows the causes of fracture (brittle, ductile, fatigue or corrosion) to be identified by observing the fracture surfaces. It is used in the aerospace, automotive and industrial sectors to improve design and prevent premature failure.

This test allows the quality of surface treatments, such as protective coatings, plating and oxidation, to be studied by checking the adhesion, thickness and uniformity of the deposited layer. It is used in sectors such as biomedicine, electronics and materials engineering to ensure compliance with technical standards.

Using SEM in high-resolution mode, it is possible to examine the morphology and distribution of nanoparticles in materials. This technique is essential in the pharmaceutical and environmental fields and in new advanced materials for quality control and research on nanostructures.